If Telegram Web and mobile Telegram work through the same VPN, but Telegram Desktop does not, the likely issue is Telegram Desktop’s local proxy or routing configuration—not the VPN server itself. Set Telegram Desktop to use your VPN client’s local SOCKS5 proxy manually:
Settings → Advanced → Connection Type → Use custom proxy
For v2rayN, the usual values are:
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Host: 127.0.0.1
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Port: 10808 (confirm the SOCKS port in v2rayN settings)
If it still fails, check that Telegram Desktop is updated and that its traffic is not excluded by app routing, firewall rules, or a conflicting proxy setting.